BIO 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 Cooperative Education Program [all 3 credits] Paid work experience in a biological industry under super-vision of the Biology faculty. Regular reports and the completion of the goals set by a learning contract are required. Prerequisite: Sophomore standing, see departmental description above.

BIO 110, 111 General Biology [4, 4] BIO 110 considers the following topics in a broad, general survey for the nonmajor: the cellular nature and energy requirements of plants and animals; evolution; genetics; species interaction; ecology. BlO 111 emphasizes the relationship between structure and function of all the systems of the human body. The laboratory is correlated with the lecture. Credit towards a biology major or minor by permission only. Laboratory fee.

BIO 122, 123 Biological Science [5,5] A unique introduction to plant and animal biology that focuses on four specific aspects of evolution, biochemical, physiological, cytological, and ecological, presented during two semesters. Each area will be presented through small group, intensive laboratory units employing modern research techniques. Formal lectures unify laboratory experiences. Prerequisite: Minimum one year of high school chemistry. Corequisite; either CH 110, 111, or CH 114, 136. Laboratory fee.

BIO 190, 195 Special Studies in Biology [4, 4] An exploration of various topics in biology selected to emphasize science as a way of knowing. Laboratory fee.

BIO 212, 213 Human Anatomy and Physiology [4, 4] A study of human tissues and organ Systems: BIO 112, muscular, skeletal, nervous and endocrine systems; skin and special senses. BIO 113, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, excretory and reproductive systems; blood and metabolism. Laboratory dissection and physiology experi-mentation are coordinated with the lecture material. This course is for health science students. Prerequisite or corequisite: CH 114, 136 or CH 110-111. Laboratory Fee.

BIO 260W Ecology [4] An introduction to field and laboratory techniques utilized in investigations of biology and ecology, population dynamics, structure and function of local ecosystems, and productivity studies. Prerequisite: Eight credits of biology. Laboratory fee. (Writing-intensive course)

BIO 272W Genetics [3] A study of the gene, its structure, control, and role in determining the chemical and physical characteristics of cells and individuals. Analysis of Mendelian ratios and chromosome maps. Prerequisites: CH 230, 231 or CH 114, 136. (Writing-intensive course)

BIO 273W Genetics Laboratory [1] Topics will include simple statistical analysis of data derived from crossing fruit flies or other organisms, cell hybridization, extraction of plasmids from bacteria, transformation and induction of mutations in bacteria. Prerequisite: BIO 372. Laboratory fee. (Writing-intensive course).

BIO 336 Comparative Animal Physiology [4] Basic physiological processes of animals are presented. Topics include nervous systems, muscle function, circulation of blood, respiration, osmoregulation, and excretion. Laboratory investigations extend the lecture presentation. Prerequisites: CH 230-231 or CH 114,136, or at least 16 credits in biology, including BIO 352. Laboratory fee.

BlO 337W Immunology [3] A detailed study of the cellular and humoral components of the immune system. The course will survey immunochemical methods and current theories of immunity. Topics include humoral immunity, cell mediated immunity, cellular cooperation, hyper-sensitivity, transplantation and cancer immunology. A series of immunochemical laboratory exercises will be utilized to reinforce basic concepts. Prerequisites: CH 230-231 or CH 114, 136 or at least 16 credits in biology, including BIO 352. (Writing-intensive course)

BIO 338 Immunology Laboratory [1] The laboratory course provides the students with a survey of the major types of immunochemical methods and includes the development and evaluation of an antisera. Prerequisite or corequisite: Course in immunology or permission of instructor. Laboratory fee.

BIO 352 Cell Biology [4] A discussion of cell structure and function including problems in ultra-structure, metabolic pathways and their localization, permeability and differentiation. Laboratory work includes histological and cytochemical techniques. Prerequisites: Eight credits of biology, CH 110-111 or CH 114, CH 136. Laboratory fee.

BIO 380 Plant Propagation [4] A theoretical and practical course investigating the techniques of seedage, cuttage, grafting and budding. Principles governing the identification, propagation, and growth of annuals, biennials, and perennials cultured under greenhouse or indoor conditions are considered. Prerequisite: Eight credits of biology. Laboratory fee.

BIO 382 Honors Seminar in Biology [1/2] This seminar reviews literature of one topic of current interest in biology, critically analyzing research papers and discussing the contribution of that research to the overall understanding of a particular problem in biology. Prerequisite: Admission through departmental approval to the Honors Program.

BIO 401, 402, 403, 404 Biology Internship [3, 6, 9, 12] The Department of Biology maintains a number of affiliations with agencies able to offer students a perspective-broadening internship experience that provides an opportunity to apply theoretical concepts, to develop expertise in fields outside faculty research interests, to broaden professional contacts and explore career goals. This off-campus activity is under close faculty supervision and requires related reading and writing assignments. Students may not accumulate more than 15 credits of internship in biology. Prerequisite: A minimum of 6 courses in biology that are applicable toward the major. Specific courses may be required for particular internship experiences. An overall GPA of 2.7 is required for consideration into the program.

BIO 420 Comparative Anatomy [4] A detailed study of vertebrate anatomy emphasizing adaptive evolutionary structures. Laboratory work includes dissection of selected chordates to demonstrate these structures. Prerequisite: BIO 123. Laboratory fee.

BIO 440W Medical Microbiology [4] Host-parasite relationships of representative bacterial, fungal, viral and protozoan pathogens are examined. An organ-system approach is used to survey pathogens and this is correlated with laboratory materials. An introduction to immunology as a host defense mechanism and a diagnostic tool is included. Prerequisites: CH 110-111 or CH 114, 136 and at least eight credits in biology. Laboratory fee. (Writing-intensive course)

BIO 442 Microbiology [4] The morphology, physiology, and genetics of microorganisms are examined. Experiences in the laboratory include sterile techniques, culture methods, identification procedures and quantitative analysis of bacteria. Prerequisites: CH 110-111 or CH 114, 136 and at least eight credits in biology. Laboratory fee.

BIO 444 Biochemistry [3] This is a survey of cell chemistry including energy generation, enzymology, biosynthetic and catabolic pathways and the control of metabolism. Quantitative problems in biochemistry are given. Prerequisites: CH 230- 231 or CH 114, 136 or at least 16 credits in biology, including BIO 352.

BIO 445 Biochemistry Laboratory [2] Biochemical techniques including quantitative analysis, radioisotopes, chromatography, centrifugation and enzyme purification and assays are presented in laboratory experiments. Corequisite: BIO 444 or permission of instructor. Laboratory fee.

BIO 470 Pharmacology [3] A survey of pharmacology including the description of the action, use, and toxicity of the major classes of drugs, and the nature of and therapy for the major diseases that are responsive to drug therapy. Classes of drugs include hormones, barbiturates, opiates, amphetamines, diuretics, anesthetics, antibiotics. Diseases include cancer, heart disease, infection, schizophrenia, and arthritis. Prerequisites: CH 114 or CH 110-111.

BIO 471 Recombinant DNA Biology [4] This course covers the theory, development and practice of basic technologies used in recombinant DNA studies. It provides laboratory experiences with vector DNA isolation, hybrid plasmid formation, restriction mapping, clone selection and gene expression. Recombinant DNA technologies in basic and applied biological sciences are discussed. Prerequisites: BIO 352, BIO 372W, BIO 373W, CH 100-111 or CH 114. Laboratory fee.

BIO 482,483 Honors Research in Biology [3] These courses involve original, independent research in the biological sciences under the supervision of a faculty member in the department. Completion of them requires the submission of a written thesis and oral presentation of results. No more than three credits may be taken in any one semester and no more than three credits may be taken during the junior year. Prerequisites: Admission to the Honors Program and junior standing.

BIO 493 Special Problems [1-4] Independent study/research in a field of special interest under faculty supervision. Registration requires the signature of the sponsoring faculty member. Prerequisite: Departmental approval. Laboratory fee. BIO 493 Special Problems [1-4] Independent study/research in a field of special interest under faculty supervision. Registration requires the signature of the sponsoring faculty member. Prerequisite: Departmental approval. Laboratory fee.

BIO 495, 496, 497, 498 Special Studies in Biology [3, 3, 4, 4] An exploration in depth of a modern topic in biological sciences. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor. Laboratory fee for BIO 497,498 only.

Graduate Courses
The following graduate-level courses are open to qualified students:

BIO 518 Neuropharmacology [3] An exploration of the molecular mechanisms of drug action that modify nerve cell function and, subsequently, behavior. In addition to the fundamentals of pharma-cology, emphasis is placed on the chemistry of the nerve cell and the techniques used to evaluate drug-induced changes in those cells. Selected neurotransmitter systems will be described in depth and, as time permits, the neurochemical basis for selected disease states such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia will be discussed. It is recommended that participants in this class have previous knowledge of physiological psychology or an equivalent. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor. Instructor: Dr. Linda Quenzer

BIO 520/PSY 571 Introduction to Neuroanatomy [3] An overview of the mammalian nervous system with particular attention being paid to the human central nervous system, structure and function. Techniques available to study CNS structure/function relationships will also be reviewed. Prerequisites: One year of introductory biological sciences, graduate standing, or permission of instructor. Instructor: Dr. Michael Reife

BIO 538 Principles of Neurophysiology [4] The fundamentals of neurophysiology are presented from the cellular to the systems levels. Preliminary discussion of the ionic and pharmacological basis of nerve and synaptic function serves as a foundation to subsequent discussion of the specialized neuronal geometries and synaptic circuitries associated with a variety of sensory, motor and central systems. The laboratory covers extracellular and intracell-ular techniques in electrophysiology as well as brain sectioning and staining techniques. Instructor: Dr. Jacob P. Harney

BIO 544 Biochemistry [3] This is a survey of chemistry including energy generation, enzymology, biosynthetic and catabolic pathways, and the control of metabolism. Quantitative problems in biochemistry are given. Graduate students will be required to complete an oral or written presentation of a special topic as designated by the instructor. Prerequisites: BIO 352, CH 230-231 or permission of the instructor.

BIO 545 Biochemistry Laboratory [2] Biochemical techniques, including quantitative analysis, radioisotopes, chromatography, centrifugation, and enzyme purification and assays are presented in laboratory experiments. Graduate students will be required to complete a special and independent research project as designated by the instructor. Corequisite: BIO 544 or permission of the instructor.

BIO 555 Vertebrate Histology [4] Study of basic tissue classes and their interrelationships in organ anatomy with detailed study of prepared slides; emphasis on mammalian tissues. Prerequisited: BIO 532, graduate standing, or permission of the instructor. Instructor: Dr. Joanna Borucinska

BIO 576 Pathophysiology [3] A study of the physiological mechanisms responsible for disease expression. Topics include infection, cancer, heart disease, diabetes and other endocrine diseases, allergy and other immune diseases, epilepsy, psychosis, neurosis, malnutrition and aging. Prerequisite: Graduate standing or permission of the instructor. Instructor: Dr. Joanna Borucinska

BIO 591, 592, 593, 594 Special Problems [1,2,3,4] Individual research in a field of special interest under close faculty supervision. Prerequisites: Graduate standing and signature of faculty supervisor.

BIO 595 Emerging Diseases [3]

BIO 596, 597, 598, 599 Special Topics [variable] A graduate level exploration of a modern topic in the biological sciences. Prerequisites: Graduate standing and permission of instructor.

BIO 710 Topics in the Literature of Biology [3] Survey of the current literature of biology to develop student skills in analysis and criticism stressing the interdependence of all areas of scientific inquiry. The course will include evaluation of students' oral and written presentations. Instructor: Dr. Joanna Borucinska

BIO 744/PSY 633 Introduction to Clinical Neurology [3] An introduction to the principles of the neurologica examination and the major categories of neurological disease. Topics to be covered will include disorders of mobility, pain and other disorders of somatic sensation, disorders of the special senses, disorders of consciousness, derangements of intellect, language and behavior due to focal and diffuse cerebral disease, anxiety and disorders of energy and mood and abnormalities of growth and development of the nervous system and the neurology of aging. Prerequisites: BIO 520, graduate standing or permission of instructor. Instructor: Dr. Svetlana Bohorovich

BIO 790, 791 Thesis Research I, II [3,3] These courses are for the performance of thesis research and for writing the thesis as required in the master's degree program in the Department of Biology. Prerequisites: 25 credits of approved graduate courses. Instructor: Dr. Jacob P. Harney